黑料吃瓜网

Home⇛Journal of Interdisciplinary Perspectives⇛vol. 3 no. 8 (2025)

Determining the Effect on the Crude Extract of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (Winged Bean) as Protein Source Replacement for Tryptic Soy Broth

Patricia Angela Bianca T. Tordesillas | Nikson R. Patawaran | Arwin J. Aparente | Lance Edilbert G. Veloso | Jeri Nicole Bautista | Daniel Marl Berches | Eunica Jade Manalang | Angelene Padual | Krizzelle Mae Ra帽ada

Discipline: molecular biology, biophysics and biochemistry

 

Abstract:

This study explores the potential of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (Winged Bean) crude extract as a protein source replacement for TSB, aiming to address the need for sustainable and cost-effective culture media. This research evaluated the growth of E. coli and S. aureus in modified TSB containing P. tetragonolobus (Winged Bean) crude extract at concentrations of 2%, 5%, and 10%. The TSB standard served as the positive control, and NSS served as the negative control. The media were inoculated with a crude extract prepared from the leaves of P. tetragonolobus (Winged Bean). Growth of bacteria was measured using the bacterial smear count method microscopically in terms of CFU/mL. The results obtained were statistically evaluated using ANOVA and multiple post hoc tests to identify a significant difference across different concentration treatments. The findings of this study indicated that a 5% concentration of P. tetragonolobus (Winged Bean) crude extract was the most viable concentration, with a mean count of 136.67 CFU/mL for E. coli and 145.33 CFU/mL for S. aureus. These values were comparable to those of TSB at 131 CFU/mL and 260.33 CFU/mL for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. The growth was moderate, at 2%, while it significantly decreased at a 10% concentration, likely due to the inhibitory effects caused by the high solute concentration. These results confirmed that P. tetragonolobus (Winged Bean) crude extract was indeed a feasible source of practical and sustainable protein replacement for TSB.



References:

  1. Basavaraju, M., & Gunashree, B. S. (2023). Escherichia coli: An overview of main characteristics. In M. Star膷i膷 Erjavec (Ed.), Escherichia coli—Old and New Insights. IntechOpen.
  2. Bassal, H., Merah, O., Ali, A. M., Hijazi, A., & Omar, F. E. (2020). Psophocarpus tetragonolobus: An underused species with multiple potential uses. Plants, 9(12), Article 1730.
  3. Bepary, R. H., Roy, A., Pathak, K., & Deka, S. C. (2023). Biochemical composition, bioactivity, processing, and food applications of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus): A review. Legume Science, 5(3).
  4. Bevans, R. (2023). One-way ANOVA | When and how to use it (with examples). Scribbr. Retrieved from
  5. Franca鈥慜liveira, G., Fornari, T., & Hernández鈥慙edesma, B. (2021). A review on the extraction and processing of natural-source-derived proteins through eco鈥慽nnovative approaches. Processes, 9(9), Article 1626.
  6. Ho, W. K., Tanzi, A., & Sang, F. (2024). A genomic toolkit for ‘the soybean of the tropics’ – Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) [Preprint]. Research Square.
  7. Kim, I., Kim, C., & Yang, W. (2021). Physiologically active molecules and functional properties of soybeans in human health — a current perspective. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(8), Article 4054.
  8. Lalou膷ková, K., Malá, L., Maršík, P., & Sk艡ivanová, E. (2021). In vitro antibacterial effect of the methanolic extract of the Korean soybean fermented product doenjang against Staphylococcus aureus. Animals, 11(8), Article 2319.
  9. Lonsway, D. R. (2023). Clinical microbiology procedures handbook (5th ed.). ASM Press. 
  10. Malik, N. H. A., Simarani, K., & Aziz, M. A. (2022). Soybean as an alternative nutrient medium for Bacillus subtilis growth. Malaysian Applied Biology, 51(4), 67–74.
  11. Mohanty, C. S., Singh, V., & Chapman, M. A. (2020). Winged bean: An underutilized tropical legume on the path of improvement, to help mitigate food and nutrition security. Scientia Horticulturae, 260, 108789.
  12. Mueller, M., & Tainter, C. R. (2025). Escherichia coli infection. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
  13. Petrova, S. Y., Khlgatian, S. V., Emelyanova, O. Y., Pishulina, L. A., & Berzhets, V. M. (2022). Structure and biological functions of milk caseins. Russian Open Medical Journal, 11(2), e0209.
  14. Puva膷a, N., & De Llanos Frutos, R. (2021). Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli strains isolated from humans and pet animals. Antibiotics, 10(1), Article 69.
  15. Raju, K. (2020). Alternative culture media for cultivation of bacteria. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 9(3), 1174-1176.
  16. Rizkita, A. D., & Dewi, S. A. (2023). Isolation and identification of chemical components of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus D.C) leaf diethyl ether extract. Proceedings – International Conference on Religion, Science and Education, 2, 721–725.
  17. Shrestha, A. (2022). Colony counters: Types, principles and uses. Microbe Online. Retrieved from
  18. Sriwichai, S., Monkham, T., & Sanitchon, J. (2021). Dual-purpose of the winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.), the neglected tropical legume, based on pod and tuber yields. Plants, 10(8), Article 1746.
  19. Tankeshwar, A. (2023). Tryptic soy agar (TSA): Composition, preparation, uses. Microbe Online. Retrieved from
  20. Taylor, T. A., & Unakal, C. G. (2023). Staphylococcus aureus infection. StatPearls.
  21. Thomas, L. (2023). Protein purification techniques. News-Medical/Life Sciences. Retrieved from
  22. Truckee Meadows Community College. (2024). Bacterial smear preparation. TMCC Microbiology Resource Center. Retrieved from
  23. Xie, Z., Peng, Y., Li, C., Luo, X., Wei, Z., Li, X., Yao, Y., Fang, T., & Huang, L. (2020). Growth kinetics of Staphylococcus aureus and background microorganisms in camel milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 103(11), 9958–9968.
  24. Yu, D., Banting, G., & Neumann, N. F. (2021). A review of the taxonomy, genetics, and biology of the genus Escherichia and the type species Escherichia coli. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 67(8), 553–571.

Tools


Copyright © 2025   黑料吃瓜网