Between Need and Hesitation: Analysis on the Social Factors Affecting Student Help-Seeking Behavior
Abusailan P. Akmad
Discipline: psychology (non-specific)
Abstract:
In academic environments, students’ willingness or hesitation to seek help can significantly
influence both their learning outcomes and emotional well-being, yet complex factors often shape this
behavior. This study analyzed the social factors affecting students’ help-seeking behavior in academic
settings, focusing on fear of judgment and stigma, teacher approachability, and cultural and institutional
norms. Employing a quantitative descriptive-correlation research approach, data were gathered through
surveys that measured students’ perceptions related to these variables. Statistical analyses revealed a strong
positive correlation between fear of judgment and cultural/institutional norms that discourage help-seeking
(r = +0.660, p < 0.001). At the same time, teacher approachability showed moderate negative correlations
with both fear of judgment (r = –0.318, p = 0.025) and cultural/institutional norms (r = –0.478, p < 0.001).
Results indicated that students moderately agree that social stigma, peer pressure, and cultural expectations
inhibit their willingness to seek help, whereas approachable and empathetic teachers significantly encourage
help-seeking behaviors. The findings highlight the complex interaction between internalized social stigma,
cultural values promoting self-reliance, and institutional factors such as competitive school environments
that together shape students’ help-seeking decisions. This suggests that efforts to improve academic support
should include stigma-reduction programs, culturally responsive policies, and fostering positive teacher–
student relationships to normalize help-seeking as a strength rather than a weakness. Creating an inclusive
educational environment where students feel safe and supported in seeking assistance can enhance both
their academic success and emotional well-being.
References:
- Adebayo, Y. O., Adesiyan, R. E., Amadi, C. S., Ipede, O., Karakitie, L. O., & Adebayo, K. T. (2024). Cross-cultural perspectives on mental health: Understanding variations and promoting cultural competence. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 23(1), 432–439.
- Bhandari, P. (2022). Correlational research: Guide, design & examples. Scribbr. Retrieved from
- Chang, J., Wang, S.-W., Mancini, C., McGrath-Mahrer, B., & Orama de Jesus, S. (2020). The complexity of cultural mismatch in higher education: Norms affecting first-generation college students’ coping and help-seeking behaviors. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 26(3), 280–294.
- Durani, S. (2024). Culture and judgment: Exploring the influence of cultural norms. Academia World News. Retrieved from
- Emslander, V., Holzberger, D., Ofstad, S. B., Fischbach, A., & Scherer, R. (2025). Teacher–student relationships and student outcomes: A systematic second-order meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 151(3), 365–397.
- Graham, C. R., Borup, J., Tuiloma, S., Martínez Arias, A., Parra Caicedo, D. M., & Larsen, R. (2023). Institutional support for academic engagement in online and blended learning environments. Online Learning Journal, 27(1), 1–25.
- Jeng, A. (2024). Individualism and collectivism’s impact on students’ academic helping interactions: An integrative review. Social Psychology of Education, 27, 2771–2807.
- Karabenick, S. A., & Gonida, E. (2024). Help-seeking research in education: Current developments and future directions. Educational Psychologist, 59(1), 1–16.
- Li, R., Che Hassan, N., & Saharuddin, N. (2023). College students’ academic help-seeking behavior: A systematic literature review. Behavioral Sciences, 13(8), Article 637.
- Lyu, C. (2023). Examining the impact of fear of negative evaluation on prosocial behavior. International Journal of Scientific and Management Research, 6(7), 141–160.
- Makara, K., & Karabenick, S. A. (2023). The social dimensions of academic help-seeking: Implications for theory and intervention. Learning and Instruction, 85, 101740.
- Makara, K., Lin, M., & Cheung, R. (2024). Digital learning environments and hidden help-seeking barriers. Computers & Education, 205, 104859.
- Martinez, R., & Wighting, M. (2023). Teacher–student relationships: Impact of positive behavioral interventions and supports. Athens Journal of Education, 10(3), 397–410.
- Nerland, M. (2020). Exploring student participation challenges in student-centred learning environments. In M. Elken, P. Maassen, M. Nerland, T. Prøitz, B. Stensaker, & A. Vabø (Eds.), Quality work in higher education (Higher Education Dynamics, Vol. 54, pp. 97–118). Springer.
- Ng, H. K. Y. (2025). Self-stigma in academic help-seeking: A comparative study of first-generation and continuing-generation university students. In the 11th International Conference on Higher Education Advances (HEAd’25).
- Nyatanga, P., & Volet, S. (2023). Threats to self-image in academic help-seeking: A sociocultural perspective. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(2), 447–466.
- Prananto, K., Cahyadi, S., Lubis, F. Y., et al. (2025). Perceived teacher support and student engagement among higher education students – A systematic literature review. BMC Psychology, 13, Article 112.
- Ramos, N. G. (2025). Balancing authority and approachability: Finding the right teacher persona. DepEd Bataan Publications. Retrieved from
- Richards, B. N. (2020). Help-seeking behaviors as cultural capital: Cultural guides and the transition from high school to college among low-income first-generation students. Social Problems, 69(1), 241–260.
- Sullivan, G. M., & Artino, A. R. (2013). Analyzing and interpreting data from Likert-type scales. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 5(4), 541–542.
- Tan, A. G., Canda, A. M., Mutuc, R. T., Ongkengco, P. D., Reniva, D. S., Vergara, J. Q., & Francisco, S. G. (2025). Self-stigma of seeking help as a predictor of mental well-being among Filipino college students. Journal of Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 3(2), 238–247.
- Vaswani, M., Esses, V. M., Newby-Clark, I. R., & Giguère, B. (2022). Cultural differences in fear of negative evaluation after social norm transgressions and the impact on mental health. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 804841.
Full Text:
Note: Kindly Login or Register to gain access to this article.
ISSN 2984-8385 (Online)
ISSN 2984-8288 (Print)